Posted inQuiz QUIZ: UGC NET Paper 2 (Env Science) Posted by kanwar July 28, 2024No Comments /50 0 votes, 0 avg 18 This quiz is expired! /100 0 votes, 0 avg 56 Environmental Science Complete Quiz 100 Questions 1 / 100 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides information on: A. Surface morphology and topography B. Bulk elemental composition C. Crystal structure D. Molecular weight 2 / 100 2. What is the difference between sterilization and disinfection? A. Sterilization kills all microorganisms, while disinfection only reduces their number. B. Sterilization is used on living tissue, while disinfection is used on inanimate objects. C. Sterilization uses heat, while disinfection uses chemicals. D. There is no difference; the terms are interchangeable. Sterilization is a more extreme process that eliminates all microbial life. Sterilization is a more extreme process that eliminates all microbial life. 3 / 100 3. Which type of cloud this is A. Cirrus B. Cumulus C. Stratus D. Nimbus 4 / 100 4. Quorum sensing in bacteria is primarily mediated by: A. Signaling molecules called autoinducers B. Direct physical contact between cells C. Environmental cues like temperature and pH D. Exchange of genetic material Autoinducers are the chemical messengers bacteria use for quorum sensing. Autoinducers are the chemical messengers bacteria use for quorum sensing. 5 / 100 5. Which type of geothermal power plant is most suitable for areas with low-temperature geothermal resources? A. Dry steam B. Binary cycle C. Flash steam D. Enhanced geothermal system 6 / 100 6. Gravimetric analysis relies on the measurement of: A. Volume of a solution B. Intensity of light absorption C. Mass of a precipitate D. Temperature change 7 / 100 7. An urban area generates 1000 tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) per day, and the waste has an average energy content of 10 MJ/kg. If a waste-to-energy plant can convert 25% of this energy into electricity, how much electricity (in MWh) can be generated daily? A. 25 MWh B. 62.5 MWh C. 250 MWh D. 625 MWh 8 / 100 8. Which type of solar cell has the highest efficiency? A. Monocrystalline silicon B. Polycrystalline silicon C. Multi-junction D. Thin-film 9 / 100 9. The primary challenge in the design of solar ponds for electricity generation is: A. Maintaining a stable salinity gradient B. Preventing heat loss C. Maximizing light absorption D. Managing algae growth 10 / 100 10. The “Keeling Curve” is a graph that shows the variation of: A. Global average temperature over time. B. The extent of Arctic sea ice over time. C. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration over time. D. Ocean acidity over time. 11 / 100 11. Which type of radiation is most harmful to living organisms? A. Alpha radiation B. Beta radiation C. Gamma radiation D. Infrared radiation 12 / 100 12. Which of the following is an example of a non-point source of pollution? A. Factory discharge pipe B. Leaking underground storage tank C. Municipal sewage treatment plant D. Runoff from agricultural fields 13 / 100 13. A key disadvantage of geothermal energy compared to other renewable sources is: A. Limited geographical availability B. Intermittency C. High environmental impact D. Low energy density 14 / 100 14. Avalanches can be triggered by: A. a) Natural causes (e.g., new snowfall) B. b) Human activities (e.g., skiing) C. c) Both a and b D. d) None of the above 15 / 100 15. Which law of thermodynamics explains the concept of energy degradation? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 16 / 100 16. The Coriolis effect plays a significant role in: A. Solar Power B. Tidal energy generation C. Wind power generation D. Geothermal energy extraction 17 / 100 17. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is best suited for the analysis of: A. Light elements (e.g., H, C, O) B. Heavy elements (e.g., Pb, Au, Hg) C. All elements equally D. Organic compounds 18 / 100 18. Landslide susceptibility maps are used to: A. Predict the exact time of a landslide B. Identify areas prone to landslides C. Determine the type of landslide D. Mitigate the impact of landslides 19 / 100 19. If sยฒ is the variance of a sample of size N drawn from a normal population with variance ฯ, thenย Nsยฒ/ฯยฒ has which one of the following distribution with (N-1) degrees of freedom ? A. Chi-square B. Normal C. Student's t D. Poisson 20 / 100 20. Early warning systems for tsunamis rely primarily on: A. Buoys and seafloor sensors B. Satellite imagery C. Weather radar D. Seismic monitoring 21 / 100 21. Pyrolysis and gasification are thermal treatment processes primarily used for: A. Sterilizing biomedical waste B. Converting plastic waste into fuel or chemicals C. Extracting metals from e-waste D. Reducing the volume of landfill waste 22 / 100 22. Which soil structure is most desirable for plant growth? A. Massive B. Single grain C. Granular D. Platy 23 / 100 23. Which of the following is NOT a primary macronutrient for plant growth? A. Nitrogen B. Phosphorus C. Potassium D. Iron 24 / 100 24. Eutrophication in lakes is primarily caused by excessive input of:Nitrogenphosphorusย Carbon dioxideHeavy metalsPesticides A. 1 & 2 B. 1, 2 & 3 C. 2 & 5 D. 1,2,3,4 & 5 25 / 100 25. Which of the following is NOT a common type of reagent used in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems? A. Limestone B. Lime C. Caustic soda D. Activated carbon 26 / 100 26. Which particulate control device is MOST suitable for capturing submicron particles with high efficiency in a high-temperature industrial process? A. Cyclone B. Baghouse C. Electrostatic precipitator D. Wet scrubber 27 / 100 27. The phenomenon of industrial smog is primarily associated with which type of pollution? A. Photochemical smog B. Sulfur dioxide and particulate matter C. Carbon monoxide and ozone D. Nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds 28 / 100 28. Gas chromatography (GC) separates components based on their: A. Molecular weight B. Volatility and interaction with the stationary phase C. Solubility in the mobile phase D. Electrical charge 29 / 100 29. The “greenhouse effect” is primarily caused by: A. The absorption of infrared radiation by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. B. The reflection of solar radiation by clouds and aerosols. C. The depletion of the ozone layer. D. The release of heat from industrial processes. 30 / 100 30. Which soil horizon is often referred to as “subsoil”? A. A horizon B. B horizon C. C horizon D. R horizon 31 / 100 31. The use of anthropoid hazard chemicals like DDT causes reduction in fish populationbecause the chemical mimics the effect of A. Luteinizing hormone B. Testosterone C. Estrogen D. All of the above DDT is an endocrine disruptor that mimics the effects of estrogen, leading to reproductive problems in fish. 32 / 100 32. The “A” value in soil fertility refers to: A. The amount of available phosphorus B. The amount of available calcium C. The amount of available potassium D. The amount of available nitrogen 33 / 100 33. Which remote sensing technique uses sound waves to map the ocean floor? A. LiDAR B. Sonar C. Radar D. Multispectral imaging 34 / 100 34. The concept of “zero waste” aims to: A. Eliminate all waste generation B. Design waste out of products and processes C. Maximize recycling rates D. Reduce waste to landfill 35 / 100 35. In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is: A. Cellulose B. Silica gel C. Alumina D. A liquid solvent 36 / 100 36. Which of the following is NOT a common method for identifying microorganisms? A. 16S rRNA gene sequencing B. Gram staining C. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis D. Electron microscopy Electron microscopy visualizes microbes but doesn’t directly identify them like the other techniques. Electron microscopy visualizes microbes but doesn’t directly identify them like the other techniques. 37 / 100 37. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale categorizes hurricanes based on: A. Storm surge height B. Central pressure C. Rainfall intensity D. Maximum sustained wind speed 38 / 100 38. Why is the detection of pathogens like Giardia and Cryptosporidium challenging in water testing? A. They are easily removed through filtration B. They have a short survival time outside their hosts C. They are resistant to chemical disinfectants D. They do not occur in water sources 39 / 100 39. Which of the following is NOT a primary mechanism by which microbes contribute to soil aggregate formation? A. Exopolysaccharide production B. Hyphal entanglement C. Mineral weathering D. Nitrogen fixation While beneficial for plants, nitrogen fixation doesn’t directly contribute to soil structure formation like the other options. 40 / 100 40. The “intermediate disturbance hypothesis” suggests that: A. Species diversity is highest in ecosystems with intermediate levels of disturbance. B. Species diversity is highest in ecosystems with rare disturbances. C. Species diversity is highest in ecosystems with frequent disturbances. D. Species diversity is unrelated to disturbance frequency. 41 / 100 41. Which of the following gaseous pollutant control devices is NOT suitable for removing nitrogen oxides (NOx)? A. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) B. Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) C. Biofilter D. Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) 42 / 100 42. Which of the following factors does NOT directly influence the rate of pollutant generation in a water body? A. Pollutant concentration in the inflow B. Water temperature C. Dissolved oxygen concentration D. Volume of the water body 43 / 100 43. What is the primary limitation of using steady-state models for environmental systems? A. They cannot account for changes in environmental conditions over time B. They are too complex to be solved analytically C. They require extensive data collection D. They are only applicable to small-scale systems 44 / 100 44. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) techniques offer the following advantages: A. High sensitivity B. Wide linear dynamic range C. Ability to analyze multiple elements simultaneously D. All of the above 45 / 100 45. Assertion (A): The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture is a controversial topic.Reason (R): There are concerns about the potential environmental and health impacts of GMOs. A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A. C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true. ย 46 / 100 46. Which soil order is associated with volcanic parent material? A. Andisols B. Alfisols C. Mollisols D. Oxisols 47 / 100 47. “Producer Responsibility Organizations” (PROs) are primarily involved in: A. Setting environmental standards for electronic products B. Enforcing regulations on e-waste disposal C. Conducting research on e-waste management D. Collecting and recycling electronic waste on behalf of manufacturers 48 / 100 48. Identify the correct statements about sampling theory:I. A sample is a subset of a population.II. Random sampling ensures every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.III. The larger the sample size, the lower the sampling error. A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III 49 / 100 49. How does the Earth’s radiation balance contribute to the greenhouse effect? A. By reflecting solar energy B. By absorbing all radiation C. By emitting long wavelengths D. By increasing atmospheric pressure 50 / 100 50. Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing soil organic matter decomposition? A. Soil color B. Temperature C. Moisture D. Soil pH 51 / 100 51. Which GPCD is known for its ability to simultaneously remove both particulate and gaseous pollutants? A. Thermal oxidizer B. Wet scrubber C. Adsorber D. Biofilter 52 / 100 52. The “breakthrough point” in an adsorber refers to: A. The point at which the adsorbent is fully saturated and can no longer adsorb pollutants. B. The point at which the pollutant concentration in the outlet gas exceeds a predetermined limit. C. The point at which the adsorbent bed starts to regenerate. D. The point at which the temperature in the adsorber reaches its maximum limit. 53 / 100 53. Which of the following is NOT a type of chromatography? A. Ion exchange chromatography B. Affinity chromatography C. Size exclusion chromatography D. Combustion chromatography 54 / 100 54. The power output of a photovoltaic module is most sensitive to changes in: A. Ambient temperature B. Wind speed C. Humidity D. Solar irradiance 55 / 100 55. The “Cradle-to-Cradle” approach to waste management emphasizes: A. Linear waste disposal B. Designing products for continuous recycling and reuse C. Waste-to-energy incineration D. Minimizing waste generation at the source 56 / 100 56. The “Great Pacific Garbage Patch” is primarily composed of: A. Microplastics B. Large plastic debris C. Abandoned fishing gear D. Plastic strips around coral reefs 57 / 100 57. When modeling pollutant dispersion in a river, what key assumption does the Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) model make about mixing? A. Complete and instantaneous mixing along the entire river length b) B. No mixing occurs along the river length C. Mixing only occurs at specific points along the river D. Mixing is uniform but gradual along the river length 58 / 100 58. Which of the following techniques does NOT involve the use of X-rays? A. XRF B. XRD C. SEM D. NMR 59 / 100 59. The rhizosphere is characterized by: A. Increased microbial activity compared to bulk soil B. Lower nutrient availability compared to bulk soil C. Absence of plant-microbe interactions D. Predominance of anaerobic microorganisms The rhizosphere, the area around plant roots, is a hotbed of microbial activity due to root exudates. 60 / 100 60. Which type of seismic wave is the fastest and first to arrive at a seismograph station? A. P-waves B. S-waves C. Love waves D. Rayleigh waves 61 / 100 61. Biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in food webs primarily affects: A. Primary producers B. Herbivores C. Top predators D. Decomposers 62 / 100 62. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is primarily used to identify: A. Functional groups in organic molecules B. Isotopes of elements C. Crystal defects D. Heavy metals 63 / 100 63. Which of the following is NOT a type of tidal energy system? A. Tidal barrage B. Tidal stream C. Dynamic tidal power D. Tidal surge 64 / 100 64. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of a soil is highest in: A. sand B. silt C. clay D. loam 65 / 100 65. Flame photometry is most suitable for the quantitative determination of: A. Alkali and alkaline earth metals B. Transition metals C. Halogens D. Organic compounds 66 / 100 66. The concept of “biodiversity hotspots” includes areas with:I. High species richnessII. High endemismIII. Significant habitat loss A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III 67 / 100 67. Which GPCD utilizes microorganisms to degrade pollutants? A. Thermal Oxidizer B. Biofilter C. Absorber D. Adsorber 68 / 100 68. In the Munsell color system, soil hue of 5YR indicates: A. Red-yellow B. Blue-green C. Green-yellow D. Yellow-red 69 / 100 69. Which of the following is NOT a precursor to a volcanic eruption? A. Decreased water temperature B. Ground deformation C. Increased seismic activity D. Changes in gas emissions 70 / 100 70. In a dry scrubber system, the sorbent material typically reacts with the pollutant gas to form: A. A solid precipitate. B. A liquid effluent. C. A gaseous byproduct. D. A colloidal suspension. 71 / 100 71. Which of the following is NOT a type of solar thermal storage system? A. Sensible heat storage B. Electrochemical storage C. Latent heat storage D. Thermochemical storage 72 / 100 72. The Kjeldahl method is used to determine: A. Nitrogen content B. Sulfur content C. Halogen content D. Ash content 73 / 100 73. In anaerobic digestion, the conversion of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) to methane is primarily carried out by: A. Acetogenic bacteria B. Methanogenic archaea C. Syntrophic bacteria D. Sulfate-reducing bacteria Methanogenic archaea, unique microbes specialize in the final step of methane production during anaerobic digestion 74 / 100 74. The effectiveness of a biofilter for removing a specific gaseous pollutant depends primarily on: A. The flow rate of the gas stream B. The presence of appropriate microorganisms C. The type of filter media used D. The concentration of the pollutant 75 / 100 75. In flood risk assessment, the term “100-year flood” refers to: A. A flood that occurs exactly every 100 years B. A flood with a 1% chance of occurring in any given year C. The largest flood ever recorded D. A flood that lasts for 100 years 76 / 100 76. The “informal sector” in waste management refers to: A. Private Company-regulated waste collection and recycling B. Unregulated waste pickers C. Illegal dumping of waste D. Non-profit organizations involved in waste reduction 77 / 100 77. A baghouse is experiencing a rapid increase in pressure drop across the filter bags. What is the MOST likely cause? A. Excessive moisture in the gas stream B. Bag failure due to abrasion C. Insufficient cleaning cycle D. Buildup of dust cake on the bags 78 / 100 78. The concept of “environmental justice” in the context of air pollution refers to: A. Ensuring equal access to clean air for all communities B. Imposing stricter regulations on polluting industries C. Promoting the use of renewable energy sources D. Establishing air quality monitoring networks 79 / 100 79. Flood mitigation strategies include: A. Construction of dams and levees B. Floodplain management C. Wetland restoration D. All these 80 / 100 80. The “Law of the Minimum” in plant nutrition states that: A. Plants need all nutrients in equal amounts B. The most abundant nutrient determines plant growth C. Plant growth is limited by the scarcest nutrient D. Micronutrients are less important than macronutrients 81 / 100 81. In the context of climate change, “radiative forcing” refers to: A. The difference between incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared radiation. B. The amount of energy absorbed by greenhouse gases. C. The rate of sea-level rise due to thermal expansion D. The intensity of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. 82 / 100 82. Which of the following is an example of a biological weathering process? A. Frost action B. Root penetration C. Oxidation D. Hydrolysis 83 / 100 83. Theย Indian regional satellite navigationย system known as A. GLONASS B. IRNSS C. NAVSTAR D. GPS 84 / 100 84. The Mercalli Intensity Scale measures an earthquake based on: A. The amount of energy released B. The observed effects and damage C. The amplitude of seismic waves D. The depth of the earthquake's focus 85 / 100 85. “Downcycling” of plastic waste refers to: A. Converting plastic into higher-value products B. Converting plastic into lower-quality materials C. Reducing plastic consumption D. Eliminating plastic waste entirely 86 / 100 86. The primary role of fungi in the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus is: A. Mineralization of organic phosphorus B. Immobilization of inorganic phosphorus C. Solubilization of insoluble phosphorus D. Fixation of atmospheric phosphorus Fungi break down organic phosphorus compounds, releasing inorganic forms for plant uptake. Fungi break down organic phosphorus compounds, releasing inorganic forms for plant uptake. 87 / 100 87. The power coefficient (Cp) of a wind turbine is defined as the ratio of: A. Rotor power to wind power B. Tip speed ratio to wind speed C. Wind speed to rotor speed D. Blade area to swept area 88 / 100 88. What is the primary electron acceptor in dissimilatory metal reduction? A. Oxygen B. Nitrate C. Sulfate D. A metal cation (e.g., Fe3+) In dissimilatory metal reduction, microbes use metal ions as terminal electron acceptors in their metabolism. In dissimilatory metal reduction, microbes use metal ions as terminal electron acceptors in their metabolism. 89 / 100 89. The Richter scale measures an earthquake’s: A. Intensity B. Magnitude C. Frequency D. Duration 90 / 100 90. Identify the correct statements about biodiversity:I. Biodiversity hotspots are regions with high species richness and endemism.II. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international treaty aimed at conserving biodiversity.\III. In-situ conservation involves preserving species in their natural habitats. A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III 91 / 100 91. The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia by bacteria is called: A. Denitrification B. Ammonification C. Nitrification D. Nitrogen fixation 92 / 100 92. When conducting jar tests for flocculation studies, what is counted to assess the process? A. Dissolved organic compounds B. Total number of particles C. Microbial colonies D. Turbidity levels 93 / 100 93. Which type of baghouse filter media is most suitable for high-temperature applications? A. Cotton B. Fiberglass C. Nomex D. Polyester 94 / 100 94. In an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) system, the working fluid typically has: A. High boiling point and low freezing point B. Low boiling point and low freezing point C. High boiling point and high freezing point D. Low boiling point and high freezing point 95 / 100 95. In an ESP, the phenomenon of “back corona” is caused by: A. Excessive gas flow rate B. High dust resistivity C. Low particle resistivity D. High collection plate spacing 96 / 100 96. Which of the following is a crucial factor in avalanche formation? A. Steep slopes B. Triggering events (e.g., skiers) C. Weak snowpack layers D. All these 97 / 100 97. A coal-fired power plant releases 1000 kg of sulfur dioxide (SO2) per day. Given that the atomic weight of sulfur is 32 g/mol and oxygen is 16 g/mol, what is the molar mass of SO2? (EASY HAI ๐ A. 48 g/mol B. 64 g/mol C. 80 g/mol D. 96 g/mol 98 / 100 98. Which GPCD is MOST effective at removing highly soluble acidic gases like hydrogen chloride (HCl)? A. Adsorber B. Absorber C. Thermal oxidizer D. Catalytic oxidizer 99 / 100 99. Which of the following is an example of a symbiotic relationship between a microbe and a plant? A. Mycorrhizae B. Rhizobia C. Both a and b D. Neither a nor b 100 / 100 100. Which of the following diversity indices best captures species turnover across habitats? A. Alpha B. Beta C. Gamma D. Delta Your score isThe average score is 53% LinkedIn Facebook 0% Author kanwar Kanwar Bhan Godara UGC NET JRF Environmental Science View all posts kanwar Kanwar Bhan Godara UGC NET JRF Environmental Science View All Posts Post navigation Previous Post The Waste Management Hierarchy: A Pyramid of PrioritiesNext PostThe Green Clean: Bioremediation for a Sustainable Tomorrow