Preparing for the UGC NET Environmental Science paper can be an intricate task, given the extensive syllabus and the depth of understanding required. To aid aspiring candidates, we have meticulously crafted a comprehensive solution guide for the latest UGC NET Environmental Science paper.
Q 1. Which one of the following is a physical method of recycling plastics ?
Ans – Burn the plastic to obtain energy
Q 2. Match the following Conventions
Ans – Basel > Transboundary movement of hazards waste
Bonn > Migratory species
Stockholm > POPs
Vienna > Protection Ozone Layer
Q 3. Formation of Petroleum deposits stage initial to last
Ans – Generation > Migration > Seepage > Accumulation
Q 4. Normal Lapse rate of Temperature
Ans – 6.4 degree Celsius
Q 5. Which law stated “In the Northern Hemisphere, if a person stands with their back to the wind, the atmospheric pressure is low to the left, high to the right.”
Ans – Buys Ballot law
Q 6. Main Objectives of CBD 1993
Ans – 1. Conservation of biodiversity
2. Fair and equitable sharing of benefit
3. Sustainable use
Q 7. Choose correct statement:
Ans – All are correct
( Humus gives soil dark colour, Humic Acid insoluble in acid, fulvic acid soluble in acid, humic acid have lower oxygen, clay particle are colloids)
Q 8. Quartile Qi, Decile Di, Percentile Pi
Ans – Q2 = P50 = D5
Q 9. Arrange arsenic compound increasing LD50 value
Ans – the order from the most toxic (lowest LD50) to the least toxic (highest LD50) is:
Arsenous acid Arsenic acid Arsenocholine Dimethylarsonic acid Arsenobetaine
Q 10. Which is not applied for disinfection of water
Ans – Perchlorate
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) – Widely used for water disinfection because of its strong oxidizing properties.
Chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) – An effective water disinfectant known for its ability to eliminate bacteria, viruses, and some types of protozoa.
Ozone (O₃) – A powerful oxidizing agent used for disinfection and oxidation of contaminants in water.
Perchlorate (ClO₄⁻) – Not used for water disinfection. It is actually a contaminant of concern in drinking water because of its potential health effects.
Q 11. Answer –
List 1 List 2
Statistical parameter No. of entities required
regression coefficient 2
mode 3
confidence interval for single proportion expected cell 5
frequency in a 2×2 contingency table 4
Q 12. Which criteria pollutant is a green house gas but not directly emmited in atmosphere
Ans – Ozone
Q13. Which phosphorus species dominent in ph range 3 to 7
Ans – monovalent anion H2PO4−
Q 14. Chernobyl accident was mainly concentrated in the isotopes of
Ans – Uranium
Q 15. Keystone species has a
Ans – large effect on community
Q 16. gamma diversity reflects at level of
Ans – Landscape
Q 17. Noise level of 90 dB for 10 minutes and 70 dB of 40 minutes. calculate equivalent energy level for 50 minutes period
Ans – 64 dB
The formula for calculating Leq for multiple noise levels over different time periods is:
𝐿𝑒𝑞=10×log10(1𝑇total∑𝑖=1𝑛10(𝐿𝑖10)×𝑇𝑖)Leq=10×log10(Ttotal1∑i=1n10(10Li)×Ti)
Where:
- 𝐿𝑖Li is the sound level in decibels (dB) for each time period 𝑖i
- 𝑇𝑖Ti is the duration of exposure in seconds for each time period 𝑖i
- 𝑇totalTtotal is the total duration of exposure in seconds for all time periods 𝑛n
𝐿𝑒𝑞≈63.025Leq≈63.025 dB
Q 18 Which SDGs address social issues
Ans- SDG 5 and SDG 6
Q 19 Basalt is composed of
Ans – Plagioclase, Olivine, Pyroxene
Q 20. Carbonate compensation depth decrease with
Ans – Increase latitude and decreasing ocean temperature
Q 21. Doldrums is a zone of
Ans – ITCZ Intertropical convergence
Q 22. Increasing order of high heating value (HHV)
Ans – Food waste Paper waste Plastic Rubber Bituminous coal
Q 23 Chronical order of policies related to environment
Ans – National Water Policy 1987
National Forest Policy 1988
National Agriculture Policy July 2000
National Environment Policy 2006
National Clean Air Programme 2019
Q 24. Red mud waste connected with
Ans- Alumina from bauxite
Q 25. Arrange mean residence time (years) of phosphorus for following ecosystem descending order
Ans – boreal forest > temperate coniferous forest > temperate deciduous forest > tropical rain forest
Q 26. Headquarters of International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)
Ans – India
Q 27. Following is true for ground source heat pump
Ans – They can be used to pump heat from the ground into a building as well dump heat from building to ground
Q 28. Some important attributes of ecotypes, correct answer
Ans- A. Ecotypes have clear difference in morphology, physiology and phenology
B. Ecotypes potentially infertile with other ecotype of same species
c. Ecotypic differentiation generally occur over a wide range of environmental condition
Q 29. Arrange in Increasing order of weathering vulnerability
Ans – Quartz, Feldspar, Olivine, Carbonate, Halite
Q 30. Which of the following NAPCC implemented by DST
Ans- NM for sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem
NM for strategic knowledge for climate change
Q 31. Which is not a part of integrated solid waste management
Ans – (4) life cycle assessment.
Q 32. Which is not a part of Biodiversity Act 2002
Ans – traditional knowlwge digital library (TKDL)
Q 33. Which is not a criteria to mark a waste as hazardous waste
Ans – Quantity
Q 34. Winds blow parallel to isobars, known as —-
Ans – Geostrophic Wind.
Q 35. Arrange gases as per their mixing ration in atmosphere (lower to higher)
Ans – EBCAD
Xenon Hydrogen Krypton Helium Neon
Q 36. Decreasing order of albedo
Ans- Fresh snow > Old Snow > Sand > Wet Earth > Forest
Q 37. Correct match
Humidity – Hygrometer
Irradiance – Pyranometer
Rainfall – Hyetometer
Wind – Anemometer
Q 38. Correct Match
0 order rxn – Bacterial nitrification of ammonia
1 order rxn – decomposition of organic matter in BOD test
2 order rxn – cometabolic transformation of some halogenated carbon compound
Q 39. Correct Match
perihelion – Earth close to sun
aphelion – earth farther from sun
albedo – reflection coefficient
isotherms – horizontal distribution of temperature
Q 40. Arrange following in ascending order of lower heating value (LHV)
Ans- arrangement in ascending order of Lower Heating Value (LHV):
1. Lignite (15-20 MJ/kg)
2. Bituminous (20-30 MJ/kg)
3. Anthracite (30-35 MJ/kg)
4. Crude oil (42-45 MJ/kg)
5. Methane (55.5 MJ/kg)
Q 41. Arrange countries rank as per global food security index rank 2022
Ans – China 25
India 68
Nepal 74
Srilanka 79
Bangladesh 80
Q 42. Correct Match
Neutralism – Neither species affected by each other
Amensalism – Species A is inhibited, B is not affected
Commensalism – Species A benefitted, B unaffected
Mutualism – Interection favourable to both species
Q 43. Arrange following waste type increasing order of moisture
Trash
Refuse
Rubbish
Garbage
Organic waste and animal solids
Q 44. According to World Air quality report 2023, which metropolitan area is most polluted
Ans- Begusarai
Q 45. Which of the following is not a constituent gas out from waste landfill
Ans- Ozone
Q 46. Arrange soil horizon from top to bottom
Ans-
1. Oi (Organic horizon – fresh organic matter, e.g., leaf litter)
2. Oa (Organic horizon – decomposed organic matter, e.g., humus)
3. A (Topsoil – nutrient-rich, biologically active horizon)
4. E (Eluviation horizon – zone of leaching, where nutrients are washed away)
5. B (Subsoil – zone of accumulation, where nutrients and clay particles accumulate)
Q 47. Which coalfields contain tertiary coals
Ans- Neyveli Tamilnadu
Makum Assam
Q 48. Arrange following coals in increasing order of O/C ratios
Ans – EDCBA, Anthracite have lowest O/C ratio then bituminous, lignite and peat have highest
Q 49. Which EIA process step to Terms of reference (ToR)
Ans – Scoping
Q 50. Correct Match
Nuclear minerals – Precambrian
Coal – Permian
Petroleum – Palogene
Gas hydrates – Recent
Q 51. Correct match
Appiko Movement – Shimoga (Karnataka)
Chipko Movement – Chamoli (Uttrakhand)
Jungle Bachao – Singhbhum (Jharkhand)
Silent Valley – Palakkad (Kerala)
Q 52. In order to test for association between two categorical variable income and gender chi square test was done. arrange the following steps
Ans – E. Tabulate the observed cell frequencies in a 2×2 table
A. Calculate expected cell frequency
B. Calculate the value of (Oi – Ei)2/Ei
C. Compare calculated chi square value
D. Reject null hypothesis
Q 53. Arrange gases in increasing rate of diffusion during aeration process
Ans- ECDBA
5. Hydrogen (H2) – lightest and fastest diffusing gas
4. Oxygen (O2)
3. Ozone (O3) – heavier than O2, its high reactivity enhances its diffusion rate
2. Chlorine (Cl2)
1. Bromine (Br2) – heaviest and slowest diffusing gas
Q54. MoEFCC recently merged which conservations schemes
Ans- Project Tiger and Project Elephant
Q55. Match Correctly
1. Garnetiferous gneiss – B. High grade metamorphic rock
2. Chlorite-schist – C. Medium grade metamorphic rock
3. Phyllite – A. Low grade metamorphic rock
4. Shale – D. Sedimentary rock
Explanation:
– Garnetiferous gneiss is a high-grade metamorphic rock that forms under high pressure and temperature conditions.
– Chlorite-schist is a medium-grade metamorphic rock that forms under moderate pressure and temperature conditions.
– Phyllite is a low-grade metamorphic rock that forms under low pressure and temperature conditions.
– Shale is a sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction and cementation of clay particles.
Q 56. Arrange the ecosystem type on the basis of standing crop in ascending order
1. Desertified area (<100 g/m)
2. Tropical grassland (100-500 g/m)
3. Tropical swamp 4. Boreal forest
5. Tropical forest (5,000-10,000 g/m)
Q57. Wildlife (protection) amendment act 2022 align with which of following conventions
Ans- CITES
Q 58. Which of the following is not chlorine based pesticides
Ans – C and D isopropyl n phenyl carbonate parathion
Q 59. Logistic growth curve of a population
Ans- dN/dt= rN (K-N/K).
Q 60. MOEFCC automatic EC portal name
Ans- PARIVESH
Q 61. Solid waste rules 2016, hilly areas
Ans – Sanitary landfill within 25 km down the hill
Q62. Match Correctly
Hasdeo Bango – Chhattisgarh
Indira Sagar – Madhya Pradesh
Jakham – Rajasthan
Koyna – Maharashtra
Q 63. Correct statement about photochemical smog
D and E
photochemical smog formed when sun overhead
Aldehyde ozone are important constituent of this
Q 64. Arrange mountain range increasing order of mean annual temperature
Alps, Rocky, Himalaya, Andes, Ethiopean Highland
Q 65.Incorrect statement
Ans – O2 under photo dissociation by UV-C radiation in stratosphere
Q 66. UNFCCC CoP maximum time held in which country
Ans – Germany
Q 67. What are Collection mechanism of bag filter include
Ans- A,B,D,E Sedimentation, Diffusion, Interception, Impaction
Q 68. Which state have maximum Ramsar sites
Ans – Tamil Nadu
Q 69. Steps to get correlation coefficient
Ans- BDACE
Q 70. Match correctly
1. Nominal-nominal – III. Non-parametric test (e.g. Chi-squared test)
2. Binomial-continuous – IV or II
3. Continuous-continuous – I. Correlation coefficient
4. Nominal-continuous – II. One way ANOVA (or IV. Two independent samples t-test)
Q 71. Which is a natural pesticide
Ans – Pyrethrins
Q 72. The peak of coal bed methane generation durings catagenesis occur at a temperature of
Ans – 150 degree Celsius
Q 73. Arrange least to most preferred waste approach
Ans – DBEAC waste treatment, waste concentration, separation, reuse recyle, source reduction
Q 74. Incorrect statement
Ans- In dark hours, algae in water bodies increase the pH of water.
Algae undergo photosynthesis during light hours, consuming CO2 and releasing OH- ions, which increases the pH of the water. However, in dark hours, algae undergo respiration, consuming O2 and releasing CO2, which decreases the pH of the water.
Q 75. Which gases released from second phase of decomposition in landfill
Ans – Methane and CO2
Q 76. Which of the following sensors have thermal infrared sesing capability
Ans A,C,D ASTER, Landsat, MODIS
Q 77. Thin layer chromatography is a suitable exampe of
Ans – Partition chromatography
Q 78. Which of the following most commonly used expressing image classification accuracy
Ans – B,C,D Confusion matrix, error matrix, contingency table
Q 79. Match correctly
A. COAL – I. SEAM
B. PETROLEUM – III. TRAP
C. NUCLEAR MINERAL – iv PLACERS
D. GAS HYDRATES – II. CLATHRATES
Q 80. Nuclear fuel mineral
Ans – Pitchblende
Q 81. Match correctly
-Mistral: Cold and dry wind in Western Mediterranean
– Foehn: Warm and dry wind on the Swiss Alps
– Santa Ana: Warm and dry wind in USA (specifically in Southern California)
– Bora: Cold wind in Western Mediterranean (specifically in the Adriatic region)
Q 82. Correct statement related to composting
Ans – All statement are correct A,B,C,D,E
Q83. Match
ISO 14010 Auditing
ISO 14020 Labelling
ISO 14030 Performance Evaluation
ISO 14040 LCA
Q 84. Environmental Disaster chronology order
Love canal > Bhopal disaster 1984 > Chernobyl 1986 > Ivory coast > Fukushima 2011
Q.85 Coriolis force directly proportional to
Ans- Horizontal velocity of moving body, Sine of latitide B,D or BCD ( mass of moving body may or may not)
Q 86. Choose incorrect statement
Ans- Carbon dioxide is insoluble in boiling water
Q 87. Match
A. Taiga Spruce Forest – I. PODZOL
B. Tropical Rain Forest – II. LATOSOL
C. Temperate Grassland – IV. CHERNOZEM
D. Bog – III. PEAT
Explanation:
– Podzol is a soil type commonly found in boreal forests (taiga), characterized by acidic, sandy soils with low nutrient availability.
– Latosol is a soil type found in tropical regions, including rainforests, characterized by high nutrient availability and acidic to neutral pH.
– Chernozem is a soil type found in temperate grasslands, characterized by high nutrient availability, alkaline pH, and rich organic matter.
– Peat is a soil type formed in bogs, characterized by acidic, oxygen-poor conditions, and high organic matter content.
Q 88. Which one the following pollutant produced during burning hydrogen as fuel
Ans – H2O
Q 89. Which pair have different oxidation state
Ans NH3 AND NO2
Q 90. Which type plume under strong lapse rate
Ans – Looping
Comprehension Paragraph
Q 91. 4.6
Q 92. Karl pearson coefficient corelation
Q 93. Frequency table
Q 94. strata 1 and 5
Q 95. 43.7 %
Q 96. 0.0420
Q 97. CaCO3
Q 98. O18/O16
Q 99. None of the above. BONUS (Law of correlation is the correct answer)
1. Law of Superposition: States that older layers are buried beneath younger layers.
2. Law of Horizontality (or Original Horizontality): States that layers were originally deposited in a horizontal position.
3. Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships: States that a geological feature (like a fault or igneous dike) that cuts across layers is younger than the layers it cuts across.
4. Law of Lateral Continuity: States that layers continue laterally (side to side) until they thin out or are truncated by another geological feature.
Q 100. Plestocene
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