Quiz on Biodiversity and Conservation Strategies

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Basics of Biodiversity

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1. Which international agreement specifically targets the reduction of illegally traded endangered species?

CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)

Montreal Protocol

Ramsar Convention

Kyoto Protocol

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2. What percentage of the Earth’s land surface do biodiversity hotspots cover?

Less than 2%

Nearly 15%

Around 10%

Approximately 5%

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3. In a scenario where a genetically modified organism (GMO) escapes into the wild, what potential impact on biodiversity might be of greatest concern?

The immediate extinction of native species through direct competition

The alteration of ecosystem dynamics through the introduction of new genetic traits

The GMO becoming an invasive species, outcompeting native plants for resources

Enhanced food production leading to habitat loss due to agricultural expansion

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4. Which Indian state has the highest number of national parks?

Uttarakhand

Kerala

Rajasthan

Madhya Pradesh

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5. In the context of biodiversity, what does ‘flagship species’ imply?

A species that dominates other species in terms of resource utilization

A species that has become extinct in recent times

A species that has the largest population in an ecosystem

A species used to gain public support and funding for conservation efforts

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6. The concept of sacred groves primarily serves:

To protect water resources

As tourist attractions

As an in situ conservation strategy preserving biodiversity

To create buffer zones around industrial areas

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7. In the context of biodiversity hotspots, which statement best explains why endemism is critical for conservation priority?

Endemic species are usually the most adaptable to various environmental changes.

The loss of endemic species leads to a significant reduction in global biodiversity, as these species are unique to the area.

High levels of endemism indicate an ecosystem's resilience to climate change.

Endemic species offer economic benefits through ecotourism.

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8. If you were to design a conservation strategy for a species with a metapopulation structure, which approach would be most critical?

Protecting the largest population patch

Focusing on inbreeding avoidance within individual patches

Enhancing the habitat quality of each patch independently

Ensuring connectivity between habitat patches

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9. Which of these Indian biodiversity hotspots hosts the largest number of endemic plants?

Sundarbans

Eastern Himalayas

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Western Ghats

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10. Which of the following is NOT a method used in ex situ conservation?

Botanical gardens

Cryopreservation

Establishing wildlife corridors

Controlled breeding in captivity

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11. Which type of biodiversity does the variation of genotypes within the population of a species represent?

Species diversity

Genetic diversity

Functional diversity

Ecosystem diversity

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12. A biodiversity index, such as the Simpson’s Diversity Index, is calculated for an ecosystem. What does a value close to 1 indicate in this context?

High species evenness with numerous species

High dominance by one or a few species

Equal abundance of all species

Low total number of species

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13. The ‘Ganga’ river dolphin is listed under which conservation status by the IUCN?

Vulnerable

Endangered

Least Concern

Extinct in the Wild

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14. Which of the following best describes the concept of ‘ecological debt’?

The financial debt incurred by nations for conservation efforts

The obligation to restore ecosystems damaged by industrial activities

The ecological services lost due to the extinction of keystone species

The amount of natural resources consumed beyond the planet's ability to regenerate them

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15. What does the ‘Red Queen hypothesis’ imply in terms of evolutionary biology and biodiversity conservation?

Conservation should focus on maintaining current species rather than allowing for evolutionary change.

Species must continually evolve to survive against evolving competitors and pathogens.

Biodiversity conservation efforts are in vain because nature will always balance itself.

Species evolution is random and not influenced by environmental pressures.

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16. Which of the following is an example of in situ conservation?

Cryopreservation

Botanical gardens

Biosphere Reserves

Seed banks

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17. Consider a scenario where invasive species have been introduced into an ecosystem with high biodiversity. Which of the following ecological phenomena would most likely result in the long-term success of these invasive species over native ones?

Ecological release due to decreased predation pressure

Increased genetic diversity in the native species leading to greater adaptability

A sudden shift in climate variables favoring native species

Co-evolution between native and invasive species leading to mutualistic relationships

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18. What is the primary source of funding for the Global Environment Facility (GEF), which supports biodiversity conservation?

Revenue from global ecotourism

Contributions from member governments

Sales of carbon credits

Donations from private corporations

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19. Which of these animals is classified as ‘Extinct in the Wild’ by the IUCN Red List?

Siberian Tiger

Scimitar-horned Oryx

Snow Leopard

Indian Bustard

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The average score is 55%

Author

kanwar

Kanwar Bhan Godara UGC NET JRF Environmental Science
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Quiz: Biodiversity, Conservation strategies, and India’s rich ecological heritage

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